Is The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel - 1456 Words

Ashley Noack M. Chau-Lee English 3H 11/ 13/14 Is The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel? A feminist is defined in the British Dictionary as a person who advocates equal rights for women. However incredulous it may sound, women had to fight for rights for equality in things such as politics, economics, and their personal affairs. If the revolutionary feminist concepts were surfacing in the time of Nathaniel Hawthorne, circa 1850, then how was it that he was inspired to write Hester’s character? However,one consideration may be that it was written unintentionally with a feministic tone. This novel stands for the main ideas that gave feminism its momentum: gender equality and love for oneself as a woman. Hawthorne displays Hester as a free woman in the ending of the book, and also deems her and Dimmesdale as equals by having them receive identical markers on their tombstones. The Scarlet Letter epitomizes the strength of women while also providing as an indicator for early feminism, as it’s profound perceptions were not something yet established in this earli er time period. The Scarlet Letter is indubitably a feminist piece of literature.The three main characters work off of one another; Hester is strong while Dimmesdale is feeble and Chillingworth is corrupt; She effortlessly conquers her sin and continues with her new life, while Dimmesdale cannot admit his sins, and Chillingworth seeks revenge on Dimmesdale. The women in the novel were strictly bound to a certain spectrum inShow MoreRelatedIs The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Novel?1659 Words   |  7 PagesIs The Scarlet Letter a Feminist Novel? Women all have something in common: they have all encountered a form of gender-based discrimination. Some women in countries have experienced harsher segregations than others. For instance, women in Pakistan have experienced severe discrimination a prohibition of education. One woman who is well known for being an activist for the education of women is Malala Yousafzai. Malala is a woman who has inspired many oppressed others to fight for their education.Read MoreIs the Scarlet Letter a Proto Feminist Novel1510 Words   |  7 Pages21, 2012 Is The Scarlet Letter a Proto Feminist Novel? â€Å"Is The Scarlet Letter a Proto Feminist Novel?† The Scarlet Letter is a very well-known novel, between the scandals and lies. It starts off with a woman named Hester Prynne. Hester decides to leave her husband behind to migrate to Boston. A couple years later, Hester gives birth to a baby girl named Pearl in prison. Hester refused to reveal the father of Pearl. The town then forces Hester to wear a scarlet letter A upon her dressRead MoreScarlet Letter Feminist Novel Essay769 Words   |  4 PagesIs The Scarlet Letter a feminist novel? Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel, The Scarlet Letter is about a woman living in Boston during the 1630s. Her name is Hester Prynne and she has committed the crime of adultery and is caught when she is found to be pregnant. The book picks up when she is having a scarlet A placed on her breast for â€Å"adultery† and after the child is already born. After 7 more years, it picks up and the readers can see what she goes through and how she and the townspeople around herRead MoreHester Prynnes The Scarlet Letter : A Feminist Novel805 Words   |  4 Pages The scarlet letter would be considered a feminist book because of the strength that Hester showed while all of society rejected her, and her daughter pearl. In the scarlet letter there is a women who is introduced to us known as Hester Prynne. In the story it tells us the life of Hester and her struggle living in a society that has alienated her because she has committed adultery. The scarlet letter is a feminist nov el because of the strength that Hester has as a women throughout the bookRead MoreHester As A Strong Female Character And The Scarlet Letter1572 Words   |  7 Pagesand The Scarlet Letter as a Feminist Novel In The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a question arises: Is The Scarlet Letter a feminist novel? First, what is feminism? Feminism is â€Å"the advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men†. Feminism is really about a woman’s strength since the act of feminism causes a woman to go against traditional views and be ridiculed for that. What does feminism have to do with The Scarlet Letter? HawthorneRead MoreHow Is Hester Prynne A Feminist Novel989 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Literature’s first feminist character A trend was started by the novel, The Scarlet Letter. Nathaniel Hawthorne took a path with the character Hester Prynne that took many by surprise. Hester Prynne from the acclaimed novel, The Scarlet Letter, is one of American Literature’s first and influential feminist characters that shows superiority while being fearless and having an influence on modern literature and culture. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne is accused of adulteryRead MoreFeminism In The Scarlet Letter Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesinterests† (Merriam-Webster). The way feminism is related into literature is similar to that of society. Feminist literature discusses how a female character or some part of the fictional world is being hurt or deprived of a certain right that women deserve. In such a way, readers and authors alike are able to dispute whether classic literary reads are feminist literature, such as The Scarlet Letter. Author Nathaniel Hawthorne’s writing did not portray a new right being made for women in society dueRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scarlet Letter is a story about a woman, Hester Prynne, who painfully lived her life in shame because of the adultery she committed in a1840s American colony. The way she and the other characters conducted themselves after the reveal of Hester’s baby all show a deeper meaning into what kind of person each character was, which can be interpreted in many ways. The story was written by a man named Nathaniel Hawthorne, only about a decade after his story took place, which meant that society in hisRead MoreHester Prynnes Development Of Women In The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1204 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s,The Scarlet Letter, conveys Hester Prynne’s struggles against the oppressive Puritan society of the 1630s, which leads to the illumination of her progressive feminist views. Hester’s sin of adultery leaves her shunned from her pious New England community, but the extreme consequences that she encounters highlight the notion that she recognizes women as possessing equal capabilities and strengths as men. Hester evinces feminism throughout Hawthorne’s novel, without ever truly mentioningRead MoreFeminism in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay551 Words   |  3 PagesWritten in 1 850, The Scarlet Letter stood as a very progressive book. With new ideas about women, main characters’ stories intertwined, and many different themes, The Scarlet Letter remains today as a extremely popular novel about 17th century Boston, Massachusetts. Not only was the 19th century a time for the abolition of slavery movement but it was also the beginning of the first wave of feminism. Women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott catalyzed the women’s

Petroleum Profits Tax Act 1959 - 1824 Words

dates they were formulated and amended. The Petroleum Profits Tax Act 1959 as amended by Petroleum Profits Tax Act No. 15 of 1973 (Part 111) section 2 states thus - â€Å"for the purposes of subsection (1) (b) of the value of any chargeable oil so disposed of shall be taken to be the aggregate of† (b) The value of that oil as determined for royalty, in accordance with the provisions of any enactment applicable thereon and any financial agreement; alternatively, (c) Arrangement between the Federal Government of Nigeria and the company. This act was enacted in 1959 before the Nigerian independence and later amended in 1973. The Petroleum Act of 1969, Section 1 Schedule 1 states thus: - (a) the entire ownership and control of all petroleum in, under or upon any lands to which this section applies shall be vested in the state. This section applies to all land (including land covered by water) which (a) Is in Nigeria, or (b) Is under the territorial waters of Nigeria, or (c) forms part of the continental shelf. Furthermore, the Petroleum (Drilling and Production) Regulations 1969 section 1(1) states that - â€Å"every application for an oil exploration licence, oil prospecting licence or oil mining lease shall be made to the Minister in writing on the appropriate form as set out in the schedule to these regulations† this particular act has made it possible for ministers in Nigeria to act in ways that more of self-interest than in the interest of the general public. It is one actShow MoreRelatedAlaska Is A Great Wealth Of Resources Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pagescontinental United States. Alaska, previously occupied by Russia, was purchased by the American government for the sum of 7.2 million US Dollars in 1867. It became an official state in the union on January 3rd 1959. (Hutchinson, Par. 24) For some intrepid souls, this is a land of opportunity. Petroleum, arguably the most extensive and valuable natural resource available in Alaska, accounts for approximately 80% of Alaska’s state revenue. (Hutchinson, Par. 21) Alaska is unique in this way alone. Most otherRead MoreSocial Responsibility For The Welfare Of Society Essay2190 Words   |  9 Pagesbase for a close alliance and discussion with the community, as well as assist the community in capacity building in all aspects of social and economic development . In Nigeria for instance, Shell Petroleum is the only oil company that is a member of the WBCSD and as such, the activities of Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) ought to be situated within sustainable development and corporate social responsibility in the Niger Delta where it is located. 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New Zealand: Expenses and losses are deductible to the extent that they are incurred in the acquisition of assessable income or incur in carrying the business for that purpose, provided that they are not a capital or private or domestic nature or fact relating to the gaining of exempt income. The treatment of tax losses is a crucial partRead MoreOil and Gas4942 Words   |  20 Pagesdevelopment of accounting standard to guide the preparation and presentation of the financial statement so as to provide a guide on accounting rules, procedures, and reporting formats to be followed by companies operating in the petroleum industry in Nigeria. Petroleum operation is divided into two broad areas namely upstream and downstream activities. 1.1 UPSTREAM ACTIVITIES: Upstream activities involve the acquisition of mineral interest in properties, exploration (including prospecting) andRead Moreâ€Å"Ratio Analysis and Comparative Study of Financials of Iocl with Its Competitors†13708 Words   |  55 Pagesis administratively controlled by Indias Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, a government entity that owns just over 90 percent of the firm. Since 1959, this refining, marketing, and international trading company served the Indian state with the important task of reducing Indias dependence on foreign oil and thus conserving valuable foreign exchange. That changed in April 2002, however, when the Indian government deregulated its petroleum industry and ended Indian Oils monopoly on crudeRead MoreTaxation as an Instrument of Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria13527 Words   |  55 PagesREVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE 2.1 VARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF TAX 18 2.2 TYPES OF TAX IN NIGERIA 20 2.3 LIST OF APPROVED TAX FOR EACH TIER 21 TIER OF GOVERNMENT 2.4 TAXATION THEORY 24 2.5 NATURE AND SCOPE OF TAXES 27 2.6 TAX REFORMS IN NIGERIA Read MoreU.s. Federal Gasoline Tax1861 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Increasing the United States federal gasoline tax is currently a debated issue as a means of curtailing dependency on foreign oil and improving the country’s environment. An increases, however, would be regressive and would place another hardship on citizens who already feel as if taxes are too high. Because of the unpopularity of such a tax, nationally elected officials have not seriously floated the plan as means of raising revenue, but it could be used as a means to progressively cutRead MoreWhy Do We Need The Oil Producing Community? Does This Look Like Saudi Arabia? Essay7139 Words   |  29 Pagesways to reformulate the existing legal framework, putting in place an effective management and enforcement of these CSR laws and policies; subsequently enabling the relevant agencies to hold oil and gas producing companies to account for engaging in acts of impunity thus providing a solution to the current failings in the Niger Delta region with its attendant debilitating co nsequences. CHAPTER ONE The concept of corporateRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment24237 Words   |  97 Pagesinformation needed to establish renewable energy in rural and urban areas in Nigeria. The Nigerian government is encouraging energy companies to invest in the country and special energy policies for foreign investors have been organized, such as a tax reduction plan for energy investors, and the relaxing of energy policy. Nigeria is a nation with great potential for renewable energy solutions, such as sunlight which might be productive for solar power solution, and plentiful bio-waste for biomass

Petroleum Profits Tax Act 1959 - 1824 Words

dates they were formulated and amended. The Petroleum Profits Tax Act 1959 as amended by Petroleum Profits Tax Act No. 15 of 1973 (Part 111) section 2 states thus - â€Å"for the purposes of subsection (1) (b) of the value of any chargeable oil so disposed of shall be taken to be the aggregate of† (b) The value of that oil as determined for royalty, in accordance with the provisions of any enactment applicable thereon and any financial agreement; alternatively, (c) Arrangement between the Federal Government of Nigeria and the company. This act was enacted in 1959 before the Nigerian independence and later amended in 1973. The Petroleum Act of 1969, Section 1 Schedule 1 states thus: - (a) the entire ownership and control of all petroleum in, under or upon any lands to which this section applies shall be vested in the state. This section applies to all land (including land covered by water) which (a) Is in Nigeria, or (b) Is under the territorial waters of Nigeria, or (c) forms part of the continental shelf. Furthermore, the Petroleum (Drilling and Production) Regulations 1969 section 1(1) states that - â€Å"every application for an oil exploration licence, oil prospecting licence or oil mining lease shall be made to the Minister in writing on the appropriate form as set out in the schedule to these regulations† this particular act has made it possible for ministers in Nigeria to act in ways that more of self-interest than in the interest of the general public. It is one actShow MoreRelatedAlaska Is A Great Wealth Of Resources Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pagescontinental United States. Alaska, previously occupied by Russia, was purchased by the American government for the sum of 7.2 million US Dollars in 1867. It became an official state in the union on January 3rd 1959. (Hutchinson, Par. 24) For some intrepid souls, this is a land of opportunity. Petroleum, arguably the most extensive and valuable natural resource available in Alaska, accounts for approximately 80% of Alaska’s state revenue. (Hutchinson, Par. 21) Alaska is unique in this way alone. Most otherRead MoreSocial Responsibility For The Welfare Of Society Essay2190 Words   |  9 Pagesbase for a close alliance and discussion with the community, as well as assist the community in capacity building in all aspects of social and economic development . In Nigeria for instance, Shell Petroleum is the only oil company that is a member of the WBCSD and as such, the activities of Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) ought to be situated within sustainable development and corporate social responsibility in the Niger Delta where it is located. The Organization for Economic CooperationRead MoreMarketing Plan of Lafarge2281 Words   |  10 PagesCement WAPCO Nigeria Plc is a cement manufacturing company in Nigeria owned by Lafarge SA, Paris. Base in the South West of Nigeria, Lafarge Cement WAPCO Nigeria Plc is the first and major cement manufacturing company in Nigeria and was established in 1959 with a 60% equity shares owned by Lafarge Group. It has plants in Shagamun and Ewekoro with annual production capacity of 4.5 metric tones (WAPCO, 2012). 1.1 Product Lafarge Cement WAPCO Nigeria Plc manufactures Elephant Portland Cement (also calledRead MoreThe Cost Of Tax Losses2463 Words   |  10 Pagesnot have to pay income tax. The main aim of the report is to make comparison of Losses in terms of tax among three countries New Zealand, Australia and Nepal 2. New Zealand: Expenses and losses are deductible to the extent that they are incurred in the acquisition of assessable income or incur in carrying the business for that purpose, provided that they are not a capital or private or domestic nature or fact relating to the gaining of exempt income. The treatment of tax losses is a crucial partRead MoreOil and Gas4942 Words   |  20 Pagesdevelopment of accounting standard to guide the preparation and presentation of the financial statement so as to provide a guide on accounting rules, procedures, and reporting formats to be followed by companies operating in the petroleum industry in Nigeria. Petroleum operation is divided into two broad areas namely upstream and downstream activities. 1.1 UPSTREAM ACTIVITIES: Upstream activities involve the acquisition of mineral interest in properties, exploration (including prospecting) andRead Moreâ€Å"Ratio Analysis and Comparative Study of Financials of Iocl with Its Competitors†13708 Words   |  55 Pagesis administratively controlled by Indias Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, a government entity that owns just over 90 percent of the firm. Since 1959, this refining, marketing, and international trading company served the Indian state with the important task of reducing Indias dependence on foreign oil and thus conserving valuable foreign exchange. That changed in April 2002, however, when the Indian government deregulated its petroleum industry and ended Indian Oils monopoly on crudeRead MoreTaxation as an Instrument of Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria13527 Words   |  55 PagesREVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE 2.1 VARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF TAX 18 2.2 TYPES OF TAX IN NIGERIA 20 2.3 LIST OF APPROVED TAX FOR EACH TIER 21 TIER OF GOVERNMENT 2.4 TAXATION THEORY 24 2.5 NATURE AND SCOPE OF TAXES 27 2.6 TAX REFORMS IN NIGERIA Read MoreU.s. Federal Gasoline Tax1861 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Increasing the United States federal gasoline tax is currently a debated issue as a means of curtailing dependency on foreign oil and improving the country’s environment. An increases, however, would be regressive and would place another hardship on citizens who already feel as if taxes are too high. Because of the unpopularity of such a tax, nationally elected officials have not seriously floated the plan as means of raising revenue, but it could be used as a means to progressively cutRead MoreWhy Do We Need The Oil Producing Community? Does This Look Like Saudi Arabia? Essay7139 Words   |  29 Pagesways to reformulate the existing legal framework, putting in place an effective management and enforcement of these CSR laws and policies; subsequently enabling the relevant agencies to hold oil and gas producing companies to account for engaging in acts of impunity thus providing a solution to the current failings in the Niger Delta region with its attendant debilitating co nsequences. CHAPTER ONE The concept of corporateRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment24237 Words   |  97 Pagesinformation needed to establish renewable energy in rural and urban areas in Nigeria. The Nigerian government is encouraging energy companies to invest in the country and special energy policies for foreign investors have been organized, such as a tax reduction plan for energy investors, and the relaxing of energy policy. Nigeria is a nation with great potential for renewable energy solutions, such as sunlight which might be productive for solar power solution, and plentiful bio-waste for biomass

Petroleum Profits Tax Act 1959 - 1824 Words

dates they were formulated and amended. The Petroleum Profits Tax Act 1959 as amended by Petroleum Profits Tax Act No. 15 of 1973 (Part 111) section 2 states thus - â€Å"for the purposes of subsection (1) (b) of the value of any chargeable oil so disposed of shall be taken to be the aggregate of† (b) The value of that oil as determined for royalty, in accordance with the provisions of any enactment applicable thereon and any financial agreement; alternatively, (c) Arrangement between the Federal Government of Nigeria and the company. This act was enacted in 1959 before the Nigerian independence and later amended in 1973. The Petroleum Act of 1969, Section 1 Schedule 1 states thus: - (a) the entire ownership and control of all petroleum in, under or upon any lands to which this section applies shall be vested in the state. This section applies to all land (including land covered by water) which (a) Is in Nigeria, or (b) Is under the territorial waters of Nigeria, or (c) forms part of the continental shelf. Furthermore, the Petroleum (Drilling and Production) Regulations 1969 section 1(1) states that - â€Å"every application for an oil exploration licence, oil prospecting licence or oil mining lease shall be made to the Minister in writing on the appropriate form as set out in the schedule to these regulations† this particular act has made it possible for ministers in Nigeria to act in ways that more of self-interest than in the interest of the general public. It is one actShow MoreRelatedAlaska Is A Great Wealth Of Resources Essay1008 Words   |  5 Pagescontinental United States. Alaska, previously occupied by Russia, was purchased by the American government for the sum of 7.2 million US Dollars in 1867. It became an official state in the union on January 3rd 1959. (Hutchinson, Par. 24) For some intrepid souls, this is a land of opportunity. Petroleum, arguably the most extensive and valuable natural resource available in Alaska, accounts for approximately 80% of Alaska’s state revenue. (Hutchinson, Par. 21) Alaska is unique in this way alone. Most otherRead MoreSocial Responsibility For The Welfare Of Society Essay2190 Words   |  9 Pagesbase for a close alliance and discussion with the community, as well as assist the community in capacity building in all aspects of social and economic development . In Nigeria for instance, Shell Petroleum is the only oil company that is a member of the WBCSD and as such, the activities of Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) ought to be situated within sustainable development and corporate social responsibility in the Niger Delta where it is located. The Organization for Economic CooperationRead MoreMarketing Plan of Lafarge2281 Words   |  10 PagesCement WAPCO Nigeria Plc is a cement manufacturing company in Nigeria owned by Lafarge SA, Paris. Base in the South West of Nigeria, Lafarge Cement WAPCO Nigeria Plc is the first and major cement manufacturing company in Nigeria and was established in 1959 with a 60% equity shares owned by Lafarge Group. It has plants in Shagamun and Ewekoro with annual production capacity of 4.5 metric tones (WAPCO, 2012). 1.1 Product Lafarge Cement WAPCO Nigeria Plc manufactures Elephant Portland Cement (also calledRead MoreThe Cost Of Tax Losses2463 Words   |  10 Pagesnot have to pay income tax. The main aim of the report is to make comparison of Losses in terms of tax among three countries New Zealand, Australia and Nepal 2. New Zealand: Expenses and losses are deductible to the extent that they are incurred in the acquisition of assessable income or incur in carrying the business for that purpose, provided that they are not a capital or private or domestic nature or fact relating to the gaining of exempt income. The treatment of tax losses is a crucial partRead MoreOil and Gas4942 Words   |  20 Pagesdevelopment of accounting standard to guide the preparation and presentation of the financial statement so as to provide a guide on accounting rules, procedures, and reporting formats to be followed by companies operating in the petroleum industry in Nigeria. Petroleum operation is divided into two broad areas namely upstream and downstream activities. 1.1 UPSTREAM ACTIVITIES: Upstream activities involve the acquisition of mineral interest in properties, exploration (including prospecting) andRead Moreâ€Å"Ratio Analysis and Comparative Study of Financials of Iocl with Its Competitors†13708 Words   |  55 Pagesis administratively controlled by Indias Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, a government entity that owns just over 90 percent of the firm. Since 1959, this refining, marketing, and international trading company served the Indian state with the important task of reducing Indias dependence on foreign oil and thus conserving valuable foreign exchange. That changed in April 2002, however, when the Indian government deregulated its petroleum industry and ended Indian Oils monopoly on crudeRead MoreTaxation as an Instrument of Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria13527 Words   |  55 PagesREVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE 2.1 VARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF TAX 18 2.2 TYPES OF TAX IN NIGERIA 20 2.3 LIST OF APPROVED TAX FOR EACH TIER 21 TIER OF GOVERNMENT 2.4 TAXATION THEORY 24 2.5 NATURE AND SCOPE OF TAXES 27 2.6 TAX REFORMS IN NIGERIA Read MoreU.s. Federal Gasoline Tax1861 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Increasing the United States federal gasoline tax is currently a debated issue as a means of curtailing dependency on foreign oil and improving the country’s environment. An increases, however, would be regressive and would place another hardship on citizens who already feel as if taxes are too high. Because of the unpopularity of such a tax, nationally elected officials have not seriously floated the plan as means of raising revenue, but it could be used as a means to progressively cutRead MoreWhy Do We Need The Oil Producing Community? Does This Look Like Saudi Arabia? Essay7139 Words   |  29 Pagesways to reformulate the existing legal framework, putting in place an effective management and enforcement of these CSR laws and policies; subsequently enabling the relevant agencies to hold oil and gas producing companies to account for engaging in acts of impunity thus providing a solution to the current failings in the Niger Delta region with its attendant debilitating co nsequences. CHAPTER ONE The concept of corporateRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment24237 Words   |  97 Pagesinformation needed to establish renewable energy in rural and urban areas in Nigeria. The Nigerian government is encouraging energy companies to invest in the country and special energy policies for foreign investors have been organized, such as a tax reduction plan for energy investors, and the relaxing of energy policy. Nigeria is a nation with great potential for renewable energy solutions, such as sunlight which might be productive for solar power solution, and plentiful bio-waste for biomass

A Weapon for Self Defense Free Essays

A Weapon for Self Defense The following celebrities have stated his or her stance on gun control in the following quotes. Ted Nugent states, â€Å"To my mind [sic] it is wholly irresponsible to go into the world incapable of preventing violence, injury, crime, and death. How feeble is the mindset to accept defenselessness? How unnatural. We will write a custom essay sample on A Weapon for Self Defense or any similar topic only for you Order Now How cheap. How cowardly. How pathetic. (Buckeye Firearms Association 2009). Clint Eastwood also states, â€Å"I have a strict gun control policy: if there is a gun around, I want to be in control of it. (Buckeye Firearms Association 2009). Finally, James Earl Jones was quoted as saying, â€Å"The world is filled with violence. Because criminals carry guns, we decent law-abiding citizens should also have guns. Otherwise [sic] they will win and the decent people will lose. † (Buckeye Firearms Association 2009). Are these quotes to be considered opinionated views? Perhaps, but each is logical and valid. Should law-abiding citizens have the option to own and carry a gun for the use of self-defense? The answer is yes. While gun control advocates fight for stricter gun control laws; anti-gun control supporters believe that stricter gun control laws will limit and prohibit a citizen’s Constitutional right to â€Å"keep and bear arms†. There are enough extensive gun control laws already. Creating and passing stricter gun control laws would only make it more difficult for law-abiding citizens to protect his or herself. Self-Defense Guns are used 2. 5 million times a year in self-defense (Gun Owners of America 2004). What is this organization and who are they to provide such a startling statistic? The Gun Owners of America is an organization created in 1975 and currently has 300,000 members. Gun Owners of America was founded, â€Å"to preserve and defend the Second Amendment rights of gun owners. † (Gun Owners of America 2004). With a statistic like that, what law-abiding citizen would not want to own a gun for self-defense? The Gun Owners of America (2004) further states that: Law-abiding citizens use guns to defend themselves against criminals as many as 2. 5 times every year – or about 6,850 times a day. This means that each year, firearms are used more than 80 times more often to protect the lives of honest citizens than to take lives. (Gun Owners Foundation, 2004 p. 1) To support the issue of self-defense further, the article, â€Å"Is Gun Ownership Dangerous† (2009) describes the reasons for the right of an individual to own and use a gun in self-defense. The most significant dispute that supporters of gun rights argue consists of the right for each individual in our American society to be allowed to have possession of a gun and is allowed to exercise the right to use a gun for means of self-protection. Gun right advocates suggest that police officers are unable to defend individuals in their house, vehicles, or communal places from criminal offenders, because the officers usually enter the scene of the crime subsequently to the crime taken place. In concurrence with this observation, an individual’s only defense if he or she fall victim to burglary, sexual attack, or murder; is having a device that will permit him or her to defend him or herself. In many arguments, gun supporters suggest, if an individual presents a firearm in observation of a criminal, this simple act might be all it takes to discourage and inhibit an offense from occurring. If an assailant persists, supporters of gun rights state that an individual possessing a firearm still has the opportunity to avoid any risk of being assaulted (Guns and Crime, 2009). Gun Control Laws According to the above stated statistics, why do gun control advocates continue to fight for stricter gun control laws? The National Rifle Association Institute for Legal Action does not believe that stricter gun control laws are necessary. Who is this group and what do they stand for? The National Rifle Association Institute for Legal action was founded in 1975 and currently has 300,000 members. This group consists of anti-gun control advocates who are dedicated to protecting the right of all United States citizens to procure, own and utilize firearms for lawful reasons as pledged within the United States Constitution within the Second Amendment. Andrew Arulanandam, the National Rifle Association’s Director of Public Affairs stated, â€Å"We have adequate gun laws on the books and if a crime occurs, those criminals need to be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. The question becomes how do you [sic] make something that is already illegal more illegal. † [sic] Jost (2008). Furthermore Jost (2008) reveals the following: Gun advocates – including the powerful, 3-million-member National Rifle Association – defend what they view as an individual constitutional right to use firearms in hunting, sport shooting and self-defense. They argue that gun owners and dealers are already subject to a web of federal, state and local firearms laws and regulations. The key to reducing gun violence, they say, lies with tougher penalties against criminals who use guns, instead of more restrictions on gun owners. Jost, 2008, p. 2) The resolution lies in stricter laws and enforced punishments for illegal gun usage and sales, not stricter laws that prohibit or exclude law-abiding citizens from obtaining and owning guns for self-defense. However, the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence is determined to prove individuals and officials otherwise. T he Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence is an organization that guides the fight to prevent gun violence, along with other grassroot organizations. The Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence originated from an organization known as Handgun Control, Inc. Jim and Sarah Brady are the founders of the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence. Jim Brady was the Whitehouse Press Secretary when Ronald Reagan was in office. Brady and the former President were both shot by John Hinckley who attempted to assassinate President Ronald Reagan in 1981. (Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence 2009). According to the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence (2009), its goal is stated that, â€Å"As the Brady Center, we work to reform the gun industry by enacting and enforcing sensible regulations to reduce gun violence, including regulations governing the gun industry. What has this organization accomplished? The answer is The Brady Law. The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, also known as â€Å"Brady Law† was signed into law on November 30, 1993, and went into effect in February 1994. In its original form, the Brady Law required a five-day waiting period and background check before completion of the sale of a handgun. Unfortunately, the gun lobby was able to weaken the Brady so that on November 30, 1998, the five-day waiting period for handgun purchasers expired. It was replaced by a mandatory, computerized National Instant Check System, which provides the information for criminal background checks on all firearm purchasers, not just those buying handguns. The results were devastating. (Brady Campaign to Prevent Violence 2007) What have stricter gun control laws contributed to so far? Death, as explained in the following cases. Erich Pratt is the Director of Communications for the Gun Owners of America. Pratt (2001) stated that, â€Å"ten years ago this month, a Brady –style waiting period resulted in the death of Bonnie Elsmari of Wisconsin. † This is Bonnie Elsmari’s story: In March of 1991, Bonnie had inquired about getting a gun to protect herself [sic] from a husband who had repeatedly threatened to kill her. She was told there was a 48 hour waiting period to buy a handgun. But unfortunately, Bonnie was never able to pick up her gun. She and her two sons were killed the next day by an abusive husband of whom the police were well aware. (Gun Owners of America 2001). This is Rayna Ross’s story: On June 29, 1993, at three o’clock in the morning, a 21-year-old woman named Rayna Ross was awakened by the sound of a burglar who had broken into her apartment and entered her bedroom. The burglar was her ex-boyfriend, a man who had previously assaulted her. This time, having smashed his way into her apartment, he was armed with a bayonet. Miss Ross took aim with a . 380 semi-automatic pistol and shot him twice. The burglar’s death was classified as a â€Å"justifiable homicide† by the Prince William county commonwealth’s attorney, which determined that Miss Ross had acted lawfully in shooting the attacker. Here’s the real scary part to this story, Miss Ross had bought her handgun one full business day before the attack, thanks to Virginia’s â€Å"instant background check. Virginia’s 1993 Democratic candidate for the governor, Mary Sue Terry (endorsed by Handgun Control, Inc. ), proposed that although the Virginia instant check already checks all handgun buyers – Virginia handgun purchasers should undergo a â€Å"cooling-off period† of five business days. Had the proposal been law in Virginia in 1993, Rayna R oss would now be undergoing a â€Å"permanent† permanent cooling off period. This is Catherine Latta’s story: In September [sic] 1990, Catherine Latta went to police to obtain permission to buy a handgun. Her ex-boyfriend had previously robbed her, assaulted her several times, and raped her. The clerk at the sheriff’s office informed her that the gun permit would take two to four weeks. Ms Latta told the clerk, â€Å"I’d be dead by then†. That afternoon she went to a bad part of town and bought an illegal $20 semi-automatic pistol on the street. Five hours later, her ex-boyfriend attacked her outside her house, and she shot him dead. Fortunately in this case, the county prosecutor decided not to prosecute Ms. Latta for either the self-defense homicide, or the illegal gun. Now why is it, that stricter gun control laws are needed? Gun control laws have contributed only innocent people dying. Gun control advocates believe that stricter gun control laws will reduce violence, prevent accidental deaths, and deter crime. There has been no proof to show that by enforcing stricter gun control laws, violence will decrease. There has been no evidence that enforcing stricter gun control laws criminals will be deterred from committing violent crimes. However, it is evident that the enforcement of stricter gun control laws will hinder a law-abiding citizen the ability to own a firearm for self-defense. The citizens of the United States have the right to protect themselves and their families. Although many gun control advocates will continue to try to infringe on the gun rights of the law-abiding citizens of the United States, Americans who take advantage of their Constitutional right to bear arms, will continue to legally possess a firearm and furthermore continue to support anti-gun control advocates in their on-going efforts to defend our freedoms. Do individuals want to be part of the effort to defend our freedoms, therefore choosing the right to possess a gun in order to protect themselves and their families? The answer is yes. How to cite A Weapon for Self Defense, Papers